Emergency Management

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/health-threats

IF YOU ARE UNDER A FLOOD WARNING, FIND SAFE SHELTER RIGHT AWAY.

Failing to evacuate flooded areas, entering flood waters, or remaining after a flood has passed can result in injury or death. Flooding is a temporary overflow of water onto land that is normally dry. Floods are the most common natural disaster in the United States. Floods may:

• Result from rain, snow, coastal storms, storm surges, and overflows of dams and other water systems.
• Develop slowly or quickly – Flash floods can come with no warning.
• Cause outages, disrupt transportation, damage buildings, and create landslides.
• Do not walk, swim, or drive through flood waters. Turn Around, Don’t Drown!
  • Just six inches of moving water can knock you down, and one foot of moving water can sweep your vehicle away.
• Stay off of bridges over fast-moving water.
• Determine how best to protect yourself based on the type of flooding.
  • Evacuate if told to do so.
  • Move to higher ground or a higher floor.
  • Stay where you are.

Prepare NOW

• Know types of flood risk in your area. Visit FEMA’s Flood Map Service Center for information.
• Sign up for National Weather Service Alerts. The Emergency Alert System (EAS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Radio also provide emergency alerts.
• If flash flooding is a risk in your location, then monitor potential signs, such as heavy rain.
• Learn and practice evacuation routes, shelter plans, and flash flood response.
• Gather supplies in case you have to leave immediately, or if services are cut off. Keep in mind each person’s specific needs, including medication. Don’t forget the needs of pets. Obtain extra batteries and charging devices for phones and other critical equipment.
• Purchase or renew a flood insurance policy. It typically takes up to 30 days for a policy to go into effect and can protect the life you’ve built. Homeowner’s policies do not cover flooding. Get flood coverage under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)
• Keep important documents in a waterproof container. Create password-protected digital copies.
• Protect your property. Move valuables to higher levels. Declutter drains and gutters. Install check valves. Consider a sump pump with a battery.

Survive DURING

• Depending on where you are, and the impact and the warning time of flooding, go to the safe location that you previously identified.
• If told to evacuate, do so immediately. Never drive around barricades. Local responders use them to safely direct traffic out of flooded areas.
• Listen to EAS, NOAA Weather Radio, or local alerting systems for current emergency information and instructions.
• Do not walk, swim, or drive through flood waters. Turn Around. Don’t Drown!
• Stay off bridges over fast-moving water. Fast-moving water can wash bridges away without warning.
• If your vehicle is trapped in rapidly moving water, then stay inside. If water is rising inside the vehicle, then seek refuge on the roof.
• If trapped in a building, then go to its highest level. Do not climb into a closed attic. You may become trapped by rising floodwater. Go on the roof only if necessary. Once there, signal for help.

Be Safe AFTER

• Listen to authorities for information and instructions. Return home only when authorities say it is safe.
• Avoid driving, except in emergencies.
• Snakes and other animals may be in your house. Wear heavy gloves and boots during clean up.
• Be aware of the risk of electrocution. Do not touch electrical equipment if it is wet or if you are standing in water. If it is safe to do so, turn off the electricity to prevent electric shock.
• Avoid wading in floodwater, which can contain dangerous debris and be contaminated. Underground or downed power lines can also electrically charge the water.
• Use a generator or other gasoline-powered machinery ONLY outdoors and away from windows.

View the City's Floodplain Map:

Floodplain Mapping

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/winter-weather

Winter storms can range from freezing rain or ice to a few hours of moderate snowfall, to a blizzard that lasts for several days. Many winter storms are accompanied by dangerously low temperatures, power outages, and unpredictable road conditions.

Before, during, and after a winter storm, roads and walkways may become extremely dangerous or impassable. Access to critical community services such as public transportation, child care, healthcare providers and schools may be limited. Preparing your home, car, and family before cold weather and a winter storm arrives is critical.

• During a winter storm, stay off the roads as much as possible and only drive when absolutely necessary. Always give snow plows the right of way.
• Never use a generator, grill, camp stove or gasoline, propane, natural gas, or charcoal-burning device inside your home, garage, basement, crawlspace, or any other partially enclosed area.
• Snow shoveling is a known trigger for heart attacks! Always avoid overexertion when shoveling.
• When severe weather occurs, plan to check on elderly or disabled neighbors and relatives.
• If you must travel, know the road conditions before you leave home. Visit 511Virginia.org or call 511 for road condition updates.
• Protect yourself from frostbite! Hands, feet, and face are the most commonly affected areas so wear a hat, and mittens (which are warmer than gloves) and cover your mouth with a scarf to reduce heat loss.
• Keep dry! Change out of wet clothing frequently to prevent a loss of body heat.
• Wear several layers of loose-fitting, lightweight, warm clothing rather than one layer or heavy clothing.

Winter Storm Watch – BE AWARE

Severe weather such as heavy snow or ice is possible in the next day or two.

Winter Storm Warning – TAKE ACTION

Severe winter conditions have either begun or will begin soon in your area.

PREPARE YOUR HOME

• Make sure your home is properly insulated
• Check the weather stripping around your windows and doors
• Learn how to shut off water valves in case a pipe bursts
• Have additional heat sources on hand in case of a power outage
• Keep a fire extinguisher accessible
• Replace the batteries in your carbon monoxide detector annually

PREPARE YOUR CAR

• Batteries lose power as temperatures drop, be sure to have yours tested
• Check your car’s antifreeze level
• Have your radiator system serviced
• Replace your car’s windshield wiper fluid with a wintertime mix
• Proactively replace your car’s worn tires and wiper blades
• To help with visibility, clean off your car entirely – including your trunk, roof, windows, and headlights

INCLUDE A CAR EMERGENCY KIT

Tailor your winter car emergency supply kit to you and your family’s needs. Here are suggested items:

• Blankets
• Drinking water and snacks for everyone in the car, including pets
• Boots
• Basic first-aid kit
• Warm coat and insulating layers (sweatpants, gloves, hat, socks,)
• Rags, paper towels, or pre-moistened wipes
• Basic set of tools
• Car emergency warning devices such as road flares or reflectors
• Ice scraper/snow brush
• Jumper cables/jump pack
• Fire extinguisher
• Cash
• Items for children such as diapers, baby wipes, toys, etc.
• Flashlight, with extra batteries
• Hand warmers
• Paper map
• Portable smartphone power bank
• Extra medication
• Garbage bags
• Traction aid such as sand, salt or non-clumping, cat litter
• Tarp, raincoat, and gloves
• Shovel

DID YOU KNOW?

• Dehydration can make you more susceptible to hypothermia
• If it’s too cold for you, it’s too cold for your pet! Don’t leave pets outside for prolonged periods of time and have plenty of fresh, unfrozen water on hand
• It can snow at temperatures well above freezing
• Temperatures do not have to be below zero degrees to cause harm

MORE RESOURCES:

• FEMA’s Ready campaign: https://www.ready.gov/winter-weather
• National Weather Service: https://www.weather.gov/wrn/winter_safety
• CDC: https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/index.html

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/extreme-heat

Extreme heat often results in the highest number of annual deaths among all weather-related hazards. It’s defined as a period of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90 degrees for at least two to three days. In extreme heat, evaporation is slowed and the body must work extra hard to maintain a normal temperature. This can lead to death by overworking the human body. Remember that:

• Older adults, children, and sick or overweight individuals are at greater risk from extreme heat.
• Humidity increases the feeling of heat as measured by a heat index.

IF YOU ARE UNDER AN EXTREME HEAT WARNING:

• Find air conditioning.
• Avoid strenuous activities.
• Watch for heat illness.
• Wear light clothing.
• Check on family members and neighbors.
• Drink plenty of fluids.
• Watch for heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke.
• Never leave people or pets in a closed car.

Prepare NOW

• Find places in your community where you can go to get cool.
• Learn to recognize the signs of heat-related illness.
• Keep your home cool by doing the following:
  • Cover windows with drapes or shades.
  • Weather-strip doors and windows.
  • Use window reflectors, such as aluminum foil-covered cardboard, to reflect heat back outside.
  • Add insulation to keep the heat out.
  • Use attic fans to clear hot air.
  • Install window air conditioners and insulate around them.

Be Safe DURING

• Never leave a child, adult, or animal alone inside a vehicle on a warm day.
• Find places with air conditioning. Libraries, shopping malls, and community centers can provide a cool place to take a break from the heat.
• If you’re outside, find shade. Wear a hat wide enough to protect your face.
• Wear loose, lightweight, light-colored clothing.
• Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated. If you or someone you care for is on a special diet, ask a doctor how best to accommodate it.
• Do not use electric fans when the temperature outside is more than 95 degrees, as this could increase the risk of heat-related illness. Fans create air flow and a false sense of comfort but do not reduce body temperature.
• Avoid high-energy activities.
• Check yourself, family members, and neighbors for signs of heat-related illness.

RECOGNIZE AND RESPOND

Know the signs of heat-related illness and the ways to respond to it:

HEAT CRAMPS

• Signs: Muscle pains or spasms in the stomach, arms, or legs
• Actions: Go to a cooler location. Remove excess clothing. Take sips of cool sports drinks with salt and sugar. Get medical help if cramps last more than an hour.

HEAT EXHAUSTION

• Signs: Heavy sweating, paleness, muscle cramps, tiredness, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting, or fainting
• Actions: Go to an air-conditioned place and lie down. Loosen or remove clothing. Take a cool bath. Take sips of cool sports drinks with salt and sugar. Get medical help if symptoms get worse or last more than an hour.

HEAT STROKE

• Signs: Extremely high body temperature (above 103 degrees) taken orally; red, hot, and dry skin with no sweat; rapid, strong pulse; dizziness; confusion; or unconsciousness
• Actions: Call 911 or get the person to a hospital immediately. Cool down with whatever methods are available until medical help arrives.

Other Resources:

• FEMA’s Ready campaign
• Virginia Department of Health
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/fires

In just two minutes, a fire can become life-threatening. In five minutes, a residence can be engulfed in flames.

In the event of a fire, remember that every second counts, so you and your family must always be prepared. Escape plans help you get out of your home quickly.

Twice each year, practice your home fire escape plan. Some tips to consider when preparing this plan include:

A working smoke alarm significantly increases your chances of surviving a deadly home fire.

The following checklist serves as a quick reference and guide for you to follow after a fire strikes.

Home fires are preventable! The following are simple steps that each of us can take to prevent a tragedy.

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/tornadoes

What is a tornado?

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that extends from the clouds to the ground and is often, although not always, visible as a funnel cloud. Lightning and hail are common in storms that produce tornadoes.

Tornadoes may strike quickly, with little to no warning, causing extensive damage to structures and disrupting transportation, power, water, gas, communications and other services in its direct path and in neighboring areas.

TORNADO WATCH – BE AWARE

Tornadoes are possible. Move close to a shelter or sturdy building in case there is a warning.

TORNADO WARNING – TAKE ACTION

A tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar. Take shelter immediately.

Before a Tornado

• Identify safe rooms or protective locations at home, school or work before a tornado threat arises so that you have a plan for where to go for safety when a tornado warning is issued.
• Be alert to changing weather conditions and time in to NOAA weather radio, local media and social media for the latest information.
• Look for the following danger signs: dark, often greenish sky; large hail; large, dark, low-lying cloud formation or rotation; or a loud roar similar to a freight train.
• Have an emergency communication plan in place for your family.
• Build an emergency kit by downloading our checklist online at www.vaemergency.gov!

During a Tornado

IN A BUILDING?

• Go to a safe room: basement, cellar, or the lowest building level.
• If there is no basement, go to an inside room: a closet or hallway.
• Stay away from corners, windows, doors and outer walls. Never open windows.
• Protect your head!

IN A MOBILE HOME?

• Get out immediately and go to the closest building or storm shelter.

IN A MOBILE HOME OR CAN’T FIND SHELTER?

• Get into a vehicle and buckle your seatbelt.
• Put your head down below the windows and cover your head with your hands.
• If there is no car or shelter, try to find a ditch or area lower than the ground to lie down in. You are safer in a low, flat location than under a bridge or highway overpass.

“TORNADO ALLEY”

While tornadoes are most common in the central part of the U.S. known as “Tornado Alley,” Virginia has seen it’s fair share of twisters. In 2004 there were 87 recorded tornadoes, and in 2017 we saw 25 tornadoes.

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/hurricanes

About Hurricanes 

Hurricanes are severe tropical storms, massive storm systems, that form over the open water in the southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Each year, many coastal communities experience threats from hurricanes including heavy rains, strong winds, rip currents, floods, and coastal storm surges from tropical storms and hurricanes. A hurricane may spawn tornadoes. Torrential rains cause further damage by causing floods and landslides, which not only threaten coastal communities but may impact communities many miles inland.

The Atlantic hurricane season runs from June 1 to November 30, with the peak occurring between mid-August and late October.

Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale

1. 74-95 MPH | Some Damage
2. 96-110 MPH | Extensive Damage
3. 111-129 MPH | Devastating
4. 130-156 MPH | Catastrophic
5. 157+ MPH | Catastrophic

Advisory vs. Watch vs. Warning

Tropical Storm/Hurricane Advisory

Issued when conditions are expected to cause significant inconveniences that may be hazardous. If caution is used, these situations should not be life-threatening.

Tropical Storm/Hurricane Watch

Issued when a tropical storm or hurricane is possible within 48 hours. Tune in to NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards, local radio, TV, or other news sources for more info. Monitor alerts, check your emergency supplies, and gather any items you may need if you lose power.

Tropical Storm/Hurricane Warning

Issued when a tropical storm or hurricane is expected within 36 hours. During a Warning, complete your storm preparations and immediately leave the threatened area if directed to do so by local or state officials or shelter in place if no evacuation has been ordered.

Hazard Mitigation

Planning and preparing before a hurricane strikes can help you manage the impact of high winds and floodwaters. Take the steps outlined below to keep you and your family safe while protecting your home and property. If you are a renter, talk with your landlord or property manager about additional steps you can take.

Prepare Your Home

• Bring loose, lightweight objects such as patio furniture, garbage cans, bicycles, and children’s toys inside.
• Board up windows and close all storm shutters. Secure and reinforce the roof, doors, and garage door.
• Anchor objects that would be unsafe to bring inside (e.g., gas grills and propane tanks).
• Trim or remove damaged trees and limbs close enough to fall on structures.
• Secure loose rain gutters and downspouts and clear any clogged areas or debris to prevent water damage to your property.
• Purchase a portable generator or install a whole-house generator for use during power outages.
• Keep alternative power sources, such as a portable generator, outside, at least 20 feet away from the house, and protected from moisture.
• Document the condition of your home prior to the storm for insurance purposes: photos, video.

Prepare Your Business

• Document employee responsibilities and roles before a hurricane strikes and review with each employee.
• Conduct a drill to ensure staff members comprehend their roles and test your emergency plans. Follow up with an after-action report and lessons-learned session.
• Contact your vendors to understand their preparedness plans and how a disaster will impact your supply chain.
• Move computers and other Information Technology (IT) systems away from large windows and doors.
• Relocate valuables and IT systems to the upper level of your facility or to a more secure location if needed.
• Ensure vital records are protected: analyze your off-site backup record storage, and place valuable documentation and digital storage media in a waterproof, fireproof box.
• Cover all doors and windows.
• Purchase a flood insurance policy to protect your financial investment.

Flood Insurance

Just one inch of water in a home or office can cost thousands in cleanup costs, including replacing drywall, baseboards, floor coverings, and furniture. Buying flood insurance is the best way to protect your home, your business, and your family’s financial security from the costs associated with flood damage.

Talk to your insurance agent about purchasing flood insurance and remember:

• For general inquiries about the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), contact the FEMA Mapping and Insurance eXchange (FMIX) center at 877-336-2627 or visit www.floodsmart.gov.
• There is a 30-day waiting period before a flood insurance policy takes effect. Don’t wait!
• Homeowner and rental insurance do not cover flood losses, so you will need to purchase a separate flood insurance policy.
• Annual premiums for a policy increase according to the level of flood risk and the amount of coverage needed.
• Whether you rent or own, it’s a good idea to purchase flood insurance. The NFIP offers both building and contents coverage if you own a home or business. If you are a renter, contents-only coverage is also available.
• As of 2021, people outside of high-risk areas file more than 25 percent of NFIP claims and receive one-third of disaster assistance for flooding.
• Use the Virginia Flood Risk Information System (VFRIS) at www.dcr.virginia.gov/vfris to find out your property’s flood risk.

For more information about flood safety and additional resources, visit www.vaemergency.gov/floods.

Emergency Supplies

It can take several days or weeks for government services and assistance to reach you and your family depending on the severity of the storm and your geographic location. An emergency kit is vital to sustaining your family after a disaster.

Use our checklist to build your emergency supply kit by adding a few items each week or month. Many emergency preparedness products are eligible for Virginia’s tax-free weekend held annually in August. Regularly replace items that go bad such as water, food, medication, and batteries, and remember to keep in mind your family’s unique needs as you build your kit.

To view our emergency supply kit checklist, visit here.

Plan for Your Pets

Not all shelters and hotels accept pets. Plan ahead to stay with family, friends, or at other pet-friendly locations in case you need to evacuate your home.

Pet-Friendly Checklist

• ID tags on collars and microchip pets
• Have sufficient food, water, and medicine for at least 3 days
• Pet medication and medication schedule for caregiver, shelter, or boarding staff
• Description and current photos of your pets, including a photo of you and your pet together
• Immunization and medical records
• Serving bowls and feeding schedule
• Collar, leash, and carrier to transport pets safely
• Pet toys and bedding

Note that shelters must make exceptions to “no pets” or “no animals” policies to allow people with disabilities to be accompanied by their service animals. Service animals are not pets and are therefore not subject to restrictions applied to pets or other animals.

Emergency Communications

Your emergency communication plan should include extra cellular phone charging devices as well as additional communication tools: AM/FM radio, smartphone alerts and apps, and a NOAA Weather Radio with additional batteries are recommended.

Make sure your household members with phone and email accounts are signed up for alerts and warnings from their school, workplace, and local government agencies including police, fire, ambulance services, public health department, public works, public utilities, school system, and your local office of emergency management. Following these agencies on social media will provide you with an additional avenue to access convenient and critical information. It’s also a good idea to identify alternate caregiver options in the event of an emergency.

Know Your Zone

Know Your Zone is an awareness initiative that applies to roughly 1.25 million residents in 23 localities along Coastal Virginia, the region of the state most vulnerable to hurricanes and other tropical storms. Tiered evacuation zones were developed in close coordination with local emergency managers throughout Hampton Roads, the Northern Neck, the Middle Peninsula, and the Eastern Shore based on the most up-to-date engineering data for the region.

Zones are designated A through D. They provide residents with clarity on whether they should evacuate in an emergency or shelter at home, based on their physical street address and the nature of the emergency event. It is important to remember that during a Zone evacuation, you only need to evacuate to a higher non-evacuated zone. (i.e. if Zone A is the only Zone evacuated then residents would only need to go as far as Zone B). When a serious storm is expected to threaten or impact Virginia’s coastal regions, state and local emergency agencies will work with local news media outlets, as well as social media channels, that will then broadcast and publish evacuation directives to the public.

Visit www.KnowYourZoneVA.org to find your evacuation zone.

Return Home Safely

Each year, a significant number of people are injured or killed in the aftermath of a hurricane. As you return home and begin the recovery phase, keep these safety tips in mind:

• Wait to return to your property until local officials have declared that the area is safe.
• Do not wade in floodwaters, which can contain dangerous debris including broken glass, metal, dead animals, sewage, gasoline, oil, and downed power lines.
• Do not enter a building until it has been inspected for damage to the electrical system, gas lines, septic systems, and water lines or wells.
• Avoid drinking tap water until you know it is safe. If uncertain, boil or purify it first.
• Watch for fallen objects and downed electrical wires; Stay at least 30 feet away from downed lines – consider them energized and dangerous; report downed power lines to your local utility provider.
• If you lost power, report outages directly to Dominion Energy, your local electrical provider or cooperative.
  • Dominion Energy | Report outages and check your status at dominionenergy.com/outages. Report downed lines and other safety hazards at 866-366-4357.
• Hurricanes or the threat of hurricanes can add more stress. Try to be available for loved ones who may need someone to talk to about their feelings.
• For immediate crisis counseling following a disaster, call the Disaster Distress Helpline toll-free at 1-800-985-5990. To find a health care provider or treatment for substance use disorder and mental health, contact SAMHSA’s National Helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) or TTY: 1-800-487-4889 for speech or hearing impaired. Call or text 9-8-8 if you or someone you know is in crisis or suicidal. All services are multilingual.

Recovery Resources

Local

Contact your city or county’s department of social services, human services, community services board, public health, housing, and local emergency management office to access additional resources and assistance after a hurricane or disaster.

Nonprofits and charities stand ready to mobilize and assist your community after a storm, including local food banks. Learning about the organizations that are active in your community before a storm, and supporting these organizations throughout the year, makes these organizations sustainable and successful in their efforts to support your community after a hurricane or other disaster.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Individuals and Households Program (IHP)
After a Presidential disaster declaration is made, FEMA’s Individuals and Households Program may provide financial help or direct services to those who have necessary expenses and serious needs if they are unable to meet these needs through other means. Contact the FEMA Individuals and Households Program at 1-800-621-FEMA (3362) or TTY: 1-800-462-7585 for speech or hearing impaired.

Public Assistance: Local, State, Tribal, and Private Nonprofit
FEMA’s Public Assistance (PA) grant program may provide federal assistance to government organizations and certain private nonprofit (PNP) organizations following a Presidential disaster declaration.

PA provides grants to state, tribal, territorial, local governments and certain types of PNP organizations so that communities can quickly respond to and recover from major disasters or emergencies.

Small Business Administration (SBA)

The SBA may loan money to homeowners, renters, and business owners. Homeowners may borrow up to $200,000 for disaster-related home repairs. Homeowners and renters may borrow up to $40,000 to replace disaster-damaged personal property including vehicles. The SBA may not duplicate benefits from your insurance or FEMA. You may receive an SBA referral when you apply with FEMA. Contact the SBA at 800-659-2955 from 8 a.m. – 9 p.m., Mon. – Fri., or email disastercustomerservice@sba.gov.

To find out how you can help after a natural disaster, visit the National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster website at www.nvoad.org.

Who to Call

2-1-1 | 24/7, statewide trained professionals who listen to your situation and offer sources of help using one of the largest databases of health and human services in Virginia. Visit www.211virginia.org for more information.

3-1-1 | In select localities throughout the Commonwealth, 3-1-1 connects callers to their local government, non-emergency, and citizen services including information, services, key contacts, and programs.

5-1-1 | “Know Before You Go,” offers real-time traffic information throughout the Commonwealth. Anytime you need it, anywhere you are. For more information, visit www.511virginia.org.

7-1-1 | A 24/7 free public service, Virginia Relay enables people who are Deaf, Hard of Hearing, DeafBlind, sign language users, Spanish-speaking users, or those who have difficulty speaking to communicate with standard telephone users. The conversation is relayed between the two by a specially trained Virginia Relay Communication Assistant (CA).

8-1-1 | “Call Before You Dig – It’s the Law,” is a free Virginia communications center for excavators, contractors, property owners, and those planning any kind of excavation or digging. When recovering from a disaster, an individual or business may plan to excavate. Before any digging, call 8-1-1, where participating utilities will locate and mark their underground facilities and lines in advance to prevent a possible injury, damage, or monetary fine.

9-1-1 | For emergencies only, including fire, medical, reporting accidents, crimes in progress, and suspicious individuals or events. 9-1-1 is not to be used for traffic or weather updates and information requests. Please keep the lines clear for those seeking emergency support.

Additional Resources

VDEM Hurricane Preparedness Inland Guide: Virginia Hurricane Preparedness Inland Impacts Guide

VDEM Hurricane Evacuation Guide: Virginia Hurricane Evacuation Guide

FEMA’s Ready campaign: https://www.ready.gov/hurricanes

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/hurricanes

National Weather Service: https://www.noaa.gov/hurricane-prep

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/earthquakes-and-landslides

What is an earthquake?

An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the shifting of rock beneath the earth’s surface. Earthquakes strike without warning, at any time of year, day or night. Forty-five U.S. states and territories are at moderate to very high risk of earthquakes. Though earthquakes in Virginia are rare, it’s important to be aware of the potential threat and to have an earthquake readiness plan. Buying earthquake insurance coverage is the best way to protect your home and your family’s financial investment. Talk to your insurance agent about coverage options today!

Before an Earthquake

Prepare Your Home:

• Bolt and brace water heaters and gas appliances to wall studs. Have a professional install flexible fittings to avoid gas or water leaks.
• Install strong latches or bolts on cabinets. Large or heavy items should be closest to the floor.
• Anchor top-heavy, tall and freestanding furniture such as bookcases, TVs and china cabinets to wall studs to keep these from toppling over.
• Ask about home repair and strengthening tips for exterior features, such as porches, decks, sliding glass doors, canopies, carports a nd garage doors.
• In the event of an earthquake, you may be instructed to shut off the utility services at your home. Teach responsible members of your family how to turn off the gas, electricity and water at valves and main switches. Consult your local utility providers if you need more information.

During an Earthquake

Inside:

• “Drop, Cover and Hold On” – Drop down, take cover under a sturdy desk, table or bench, or against an inside wall and hold on.
• Do not use elevators.
• Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls.
• Stay away from bookcases or furniture that is not secure and could fall.
• Stay indoors until the shaking stops and you’re sure it’s safe to exit.

Outside:

• If you are outdoors, find a clear spot away from buildings, trees and utility lines.

In a Car:

• Stop as quickly as safety permits.
• Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses and utility lines.
• Proceed cautiously after the earthquake has stopped, watching for road and bridge damage.
• Do not attempt to drive across bridges or overpasses that have been damaged.

Public Transportation:

• Listen to and become familiar with your public transportation emergency plans.

After an Earthquake

• If you are away from home, return only when authorities say it is safe to do so.
• After an earthquake, the disaster may continue. Expect and prepare for potential aftershocks or landslides.
• Look for and extinguish small fires. Fire is the most common hazard after an earthquake.
• Check on neighbors after an emergency.

If You are Trapped Under Debris:

• Do not light a match to assist with visibility.
• Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.
• Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you.
• Shout only as a last resort – shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/health-threats

Before a Pandemic

• Store a two week supply of water and food.
• Periodically check your regular prescription drugs to ensure a continuous supply in your home.
• Have any nonprescription drugs and other health supplies on hand, including pain relievers, stomach remedies, cough and cold medicines, fluids with electrolytes, and vitamins.
• Get copies and maintain electronic versions of health records from doctors, hospitals, pharmacies and other sources and store them, for personal reference. Get help accessing electronic help records.
• Talk with family members and loved ones about how they would be cared for if they got sick, or what will be needed to care for them in your home.

During a Pandemic

Limit the Spread of Germs and Prevent Infection

• Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
• When you are sick, keep your distance from others to protect them from getting sick too.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those around you from getting sick.
• Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
• Practice other good health habits. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food.

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/hazardous-materials

Hazardous materials are substances or chemicals that pose a health hazard, a physical hazard, or harm to the environment. Hazardous materials are defined and regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), and U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).

Hazardous materials spills can happen anywhere. When they do occur, quick action is necessary to prevent injury or damage to human life, critical infrastructure (roads, power systems, medical facilities, schools, water treatment facilities), the environment and personal property. In Virginia, hazardous materials incidents involve both local and sometimes state resources to respond and appropriate manage and remediate a release.

For CDL information regarding hazmat endorsements, please visit the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles

Before a Hazardous Materials Incident

Many communities have Local Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) whose responsibilities include collecting information about hazardous materials in the community and planning made available to the public upon request. Contact your local emergency management office for more information on LEPCs.

The following are things you can do to protect yourself, your family and your property from the effects of a hazardous materials incident:

• Build an Emergency Supply Kit with the addition of plastic sheeting and duct tape
• Make a Family Emergency Plan
• Know how to operate your home’s ventilation system
• Identify an above-ground shelter room with as few openings as possible.
• Read more about Sheltering in Place

During a Hazardous Materials Incident

Listen to local radio or television stations for detailed information and follow instructions carefully. Remember that some toxic chemicals are odorless.

After a Hazardous Materials Incident

The following are guidelines for the period following a hazardous materials incident:

• Listen to local radio or television stations for the latest emergency information.
• Go to a designated public shelter if you have been told to evacuate or you feel it is unsafe to remain in your home. Text SHELTER + your ZIP code to 43362 (4FEMA) to find the nearest shelter in your area (example: shelter 12345).
• Act quickly if you have come in to contact with or have been exposed to hazardous chemicals.
• Follow decontamination instructions from local authorities.
• Seek medical treatment for unusual symptoms as soon as possible.
• Place exposed clothing and shoes in tightly sealed containers.
• Advise everyone who comes in to contact with you that you may have been exposed to a toxic substance.
• Return home only when authorities say it is safe. Open windows and vents and turn on fans to provide ventilation.
• Find out from local authorities how to clean up your land and property.
• Report any lingering vapors or other hazards to your local emergency services office.

Federal Planning Initiatives

The federal [Oil Pollution Act of 1990](https://www.deq.virginia.gov/?splash=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Flaws-regulations%2Fsummary-oil-pollution-act%23%3A\~%3Atext%3DThe%2520Oil%2520Pollution%2520Act%2520(OPA%2Cor%2520unwilling%2520to%2520do%2520so.&____isexternal=true) (OPA 90) established Area Committees to serve as spill preparedness planning bodies responsible for developing coordinated responses to the discharge (or threat of discharge) of oil or hazardous substances in Inland and Coastal zones. VDEM is a member of several planning bodies as described below.

Region 3 Regional Response Team (RRT3) The National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan (National Contingency Plan or NCP) is the federal government’s blueprint for responding to both oil spills and hazardous substance releases. The NCP establishes Regional Response Teams (RRTs) and their roles and responsibilities in coordinating preparedness, planning, and response at the federal regional level. The Federal Region 3 RRT is the planning body for the commonwealths of Virginia and Pennsylvania and the states of West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia.. The RRT 3 also includes representatives from 16 federal departments and agencies For more information, see the RRT3 homepage. Inland Area and Coastal Area Committees OPA 90 established area committees responsible for developing strategies for coordinated responses to oil or hazardous substance spills. VDEM participates in on both the Region 3 Inland Area Committee and the Virginia Area Committee. Virginia Area Contingency Plan VDEM is a member of the Virginia Area Committee that is responsible for developing and maintaining the Virginia Area Contingency Plan (ACP). For more information regarding the Virginia Area Contingency Plan, please visit: https://www.deq.virginia.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/10459/637647225838000000

Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)

The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) of 1986 was created to help communities plan for chemical emergencies. It also requires industry to report on the storage, use and releases of hazardous substances to federal, state, and local governments. EPCRA requires state and local governments, and Indian tribes to use this information to prepare for and protect their communities from potential risks.

Virginia Tier II Reporting Requirements

Tier II Administration: Virginia Department of Environmental Quality VA DEQ SARA Title III Program 1111 East Main St., Suite 1400 Richmond, VA 23219

Post Office Box: P.O Box 1105 Richmond, VA 23218 Phone: 804-698-4000 Email: va-epcra@deq.virginia.gov Webpage: https://www.deq.virginia.gov/land-waste/superfund-amendments-and-reauthorization-act-sara/community-right-to-know

Special Instructions: Virginia is requesting facilities to use Tier2 Submit and submit electronically. A new version of Tier2 Submit is created around November of each year. Download the latest version of Tier2 Submit.

For more information visit: https://www.epa.gov/epcra

Chemical Accident Prevention Program (CAPP)

CAPP builds upon existing requirements established in the Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act (EPCRA), and Section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAA 112(r)), of 1991. Section 112(r) requires regulated facilities to submit a risk management plan to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). To determine if an address is within the hazard area of a potential release, contact your Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC), call the EPA hotline at (800) 424-9346, or check the Vulnerable Zone Indicator System (VZIS) at epa.gov.

Knowing what chemical risks are nearby helps individuals and businesses protect their families and property, hold facilities responsible for reducing risk, and increases awareness of chemical safety. To help protect your community, participate in your LEPC.

Members of the public may obtain copies of RMPs (without the off-site consequence analysis (OCA) information) by requesting them from EPA in writing (including by email). Members of the public may also read, but not copy, the OCA sections of RMPs in Federal Reading Rooms.

For information on your LEPC, contact your local Emergency Management Agency or visit this website: https://www.deq.virginia.gov/land-waste/superfund-amendments-and-reauthorization-act-sara/emergency-planning..

For information on Federal Reading Rooms, visit EPA Federal Readings Rooms for Risk Management.

America’s Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA)

In 2018, Congress passed the American’s Water Infrastructure Act (AWIA) which strengthens and improves water quality. Part of the AWIA regulation amends the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act. This change requires the notification of state drinking water primacy agencies (in Virginia, Virginia Department of Health – Office of Drinking Water) of any reportable releases and requires the sharing of hazardous chemical inventory data. More information on AWIA and its requirements can be found here: https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/americas-water-infrastructure-act-2018-awia

To Report a Chemical Spill Contact:
Virginia Emergency Operations Center: 804-674-2400
National Response Center: 800-424-8802
VA EPCRA: 804-698-4000
US EPA Hotline: 800-424-9346

Facilities

The Risk Management Plan (RMP) Rule, requires regulated facilities that use extremely hazardous substances to coordinate with local emergency response and planning agencies. There are 140, 112(r) regulated substances, 77 extremely toxic and 63 extremely flammable substances. Facilities using these substances in a single process and where the quantity exceeds the threshold quantity (TQ), must submit a risk management plan to the EPA through RMP*eSubmit.

Any facility where extremely hazardous substances are present in any quantity, are subject to the General Duty Clause (GDC), CAA Section 112(r)(1). GDC is a performance-based authority recognizing that owner/operators have a general duty and responsibility to prevent and mitigate accidental chemical releases. General Duty Clause under the Clean Air Act Section 112(r)(1) | Risk Management Plan (RMP) Rule | US EPA

Facilities that are required to submit a copy of their plan to the State Emergency Response Council should submit them to the following:

Virginia Department of Emergency Management
Attn: Technological Hazards
9711 Farrar Court
North Chesterfield, Virginia 23236

Virginia Hazardous Materials Response Teams

The VDEM Hazardous Materials Program, working with other partner agencies, provides training, technical assistance, and on-scene emergency response and coordination. The program is managed by Tom Jordan and utilizes 10 Hazardous Materials Specialists and 12 locally-based hazardous materials response teams to provide rapid advanced technical assistance and support to jurisdictional responders throughout the Commonwealth.

These hazmat teams are available to supplement local resources when an incident exceeds local capabilities or requires specialized hazmat training and equipment. If an on-scene incident commander or a local emergency manager has a technical question or needs a hazmat team to respond, this can be requested by calling the VEOC at 1-804-674-2400. The Situational Awareness Unit (SAU) will connect the on-call Hazmat Officer 24 hours a day for technical advice or will facilitate dispatch of a hazmat team.

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/chemical-emergencies

Chemical agents are poisonous vapors, aerosols, liquids and solids that have toxic effects on people, animals or plants. While potentially lethal, chemical agents are difficult to deliver in lethal concentrations because they dissipate rapidly outdoors and are difficult to produce.

Before a Chemical Emergency

A chemical attack could come without warning. Signs of a chemical release include people having difficulty breathing, eye irritation, loss of coordination, nausea, or burning in the nose, throat and lungs. The presence of many dead insects or birds may indicate a chemical agent release.

What you should do to prepare for a chemical threat:

• Build an Emergency Supply Kit and include:
  • Duct tape
  • Scissors
  • Plastic to cover doors, windows and vents
• Make a Family Emergency Plan

During a Chemical Emergency

What you should do in a chemical attack:

• Quickly try to define the impacted area or where the chemical is coming from, if possible.
• Take immediate action to get away.
• If the chemical is inside a building where you are, get out of the building without passing through the contaminated area, if possible.
• If you can’t get out of the building or find clean air without passing through the affected area, move as far away as possible and shelter-in-place.

If you are instructed to remain in your home or office building, you should:

• Close doors and windows and turn off all ventilation, including furnaces, air conditioners, vents, and fans.
• Seek shelter in an internal room with your disaster supplies kit.
• Seal the room with duct tape and plastic sheeting.
• Listen to the radio or television for instructions from authorities.

If you are caught in or near a contaminated area outdoors:

• Quickly decide what is the fastest way to find clean air:
  • Move away immediately, in a direction upwind of the source.
  • Find the closest building to shelter-in-place.

After a Chemical Emergency

Do not leave the safety of a shelter to go outdoors to help others until authorities announce it is safe to do so.

A person affected by a chemical agent requires immediate medical attention from a professional. If medical help is not immediately available, decontaminate yourself and assist in decontaminating others.

Decontamination guidelines are as follows:

• Use extreme caution when helping others who have been exposed to chemical agents.
• Remove all clothing and other items in contact with the body.
  • Cut off clothing normally removed over the head to avoid contact with the eyes, nose and mouth.
  • Put contaminated clothing and items into a plastic bag and seal it.
  • Remove eyeglasses or contact lenses. Put glasses in a pan of household bleach to decontaminate them and then rinse and dry.
• Wash hands with soap and water.
• Flush eyes with water.
• Gently wash face and hair with soap and water before thoroughly rinsing with water.
• Proceed to a medical facility for screening and professional treatment.

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/active-shooter

This page describes what to do if you find yourself in an active shooting event, how to recognize signs of potential violence around you, and what to expect after an active shooting takes place. Remember during an active shooting to RUN. HIDE. FIGHT.

Source: vaemergency.gov/threats/terrorism

While the threat of mass attacks is real, we can all take steps to prepare, protect ourselves, and help others.

Assailant(s):

Report suspicious behavior, items, or activities to authorities.

Signs might include unusual or violent communications, expressed anger or intent to cause harm, and substance abuse. These warning signs may increase over time.

Observe what is going on around you and avoid distractions such as texting, listening to headphones or being on your cell phone.

Identify exits and areas of protective cover for the places you go such as work, school, and special events.

Map out places to seek cover. Place a barrier between yourself and the threat using solid objects, walls, and locked doors as protection.

Take trainings such as You Are the Help Until Help Arrives and first aid to assist the wounded before help arrives.

How to Stay Safe When a Mass Attack Threatens

Observe warning signs:

Taking shelter is critical in times of disaster. This may mean going to a basement during a tornado warning, staying in an enclosed structure while a chemical cloud passes or staying home during a severe storm without electricity or water services for days.

Public sheltering, in times of emergency, is a basic component of the City's Emergency Operations Plan. There are several scenarios that may dictate the need for public shelter operations.

• Limited individuals impacted. A single family or multiple families from an apartment complex fire would be assisted using normal day-to-day resources. The Red Cross and the City will provide temporary housing or hotel rooms for small numbers of displaced families.
• Significant impact on population. If an emergency or disaster situation impacts a large portion or the majority of the population, a full activation of the City's public sheltering program will take place. There are several City departments and outside agencies that provide manpower and resources for public sheltering.

Sheltering Options

The best and most comfortable option is to make arrangements to stay with friends and family for the duration of the emergency. 

If individuals are displaced without anywhere to go, there are seven Winchester Public Schools and three City facilities that have been designated as potential shelters. Once an emergency or disaster occurs, a decision as to where the public will be sheltered will be made by City officials depending on the nature, extent and location of the emergency.

If a public emergency shelter is opened, everyone is welcome and we do not discriminate.

Staying Informed

The location of shelters and other important information will be made available through local media outlets, the City’s social media pages, this website, and the City’s notification system.

• City's Social Media Pages - 
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • YouTube
• City's Notification System - Click here to register and receive alerts during an emergency via text, email or phone.

What to Bring

Be sure to bring enough supplies to last at least three days for each family member. Supplies are often hard to come by ahead of a storm and may be even more so during a pandemic.

You should gather supplies early, well ahead of any storms, and have them ready. Many of the items listed below are needed as part of any well-stocked emergency kit, not just for a shelter.

• Face masks and/or cloth face coverings
• Hand sanitizer
• Disinfectant wipes
• Bottled water
• Canned/packaged food (i.e snacks or special dietary items)
• Manual can opener and cooler, as needed
• Portable flashlight and batteries
• Folding chairs
• Change of comfortable clothing and sturdy shoes
• Sleeping bag/blanket and pillow
• Quiet games, toys, books, cards
• Phone charger
• Hand-held devices (tablets, games) with headphones/earbuds
• First aid kit and any medications     
• Toiletries, glasses/contacts, cleaning solution, hearing aids, toothbrush/paste and dentures
• ID, car keys, credit cards & cash
• Photocopies of important papers (i.e. insurance policies)  
• Baby supplies (i.e. food/formula, diapers, etc.)
• Durable medical equipment (i.e cane, walker, etc.)

Shelter Rules

If these guidelines are not followed, you may be asked to leave the shelter.  

1. You must sign in before being officially admitted into any shelter.
2. You are responsible for your belongings. Valuables should always be locked in your car or kept with you. The shelter is not responsible for lost, stolen or damaged items
3. Taking photos inside the shelter is prohibited. 
4. Parents are responsible for controlling the actions of and knowing the whereabouts of their children. Children should not be left unattended.
5. If you have a medical condition or are taking medications, please notify the shelter registrar for referral to the nurse.
6. No smoking inside the shelter at any time.
7. No firearms or weapons of any type on the shelter premises.
8. No alcohol or illegal substances of any type on the shelter premises.
9. Pets are not allowed in the shelter and must remain in the pet-designated area. Service animals - working animals who are trained to perform a specific function - are permitted in the shelter to assist their owner.
10. Noise levels should be kept at a minimum during all hours of the day. Quiet hours are observed between 11 pm-7 am.

Pet Sheltering

The City may open a pet shelter if needed. The pet shelter will accept dogs and cats only. Owners should plan to bring a leash/collar, crate, food, medicine, a vaccination record, and comfort care items. Owners will be expected to care for their pet and will have a scheduled time to do so while sheltering. All other animals, including birds, amphibians, reptiles, arachnids, and farm animals are not accepted at the pet shelter; owners will need to make alternate arrangements elsewhere for these animals.

The Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) was formed in accordance with the “Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act of 1986 (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act ‘SARA’), Title II, 42 U.S.C. Section 11001”. The LEPC’s purpose is to prepare an emergency plan to minimize the impact upon the community of possible releases of hazardous materials.

The LEPC’s memberships is comprised of elected local and state officials, police, fire and rescue, public health professionals, community groups and the local media.  

Meetings

All meetings begin at 3:30 pm:

• January 3, 2024, Winchester Public Services Building, 301 E. Cork St.
• April 3, 2024, Frederick County Public Safety Center, 1080 Coverstone Dr.
• July 3, 2024, Winchester Public Services Building, 301 E. Cork St.
• October 2, 2024, Frederick County Public Safety Center, 1080 Coverstone Dr.

Committee Leadership

• Chairman, Scott Kensinger - (540) 773-1360
• Vice Chairman, Anthony Campbell
• Secretary, Tim Ray

Organizational Membership

• American Red Cross
• Chamber of Commerce
• Citizens at Large
• Continental (formerly O'Sullivan Films)
• Environmental protection Agency
• Frederick County Board of Supervisors
• Frederick County Emergency Management 
• Frederick County Fire and Rescue 
• Frederick County Sheriff’s Office
• HP Hood
• Lord Fairfax EMS Council
• Newellco (formerly Rubbermaid)
• Rinchem
• Rezin Inc.
• Thermo Fisher Diagnostics 
• Valley Health Systems
• Virginia Department of Emergency Management
• Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
• Virginia Department of Health
• Virginia Department of Transportation
• Winchester City Council
• Winchester Emergency Management 
• Winchester Police Department
• Winchester Fire & Rescue Department
• Winchester Star

For Business Owners and Facility Managers:

Submission of Tier II reports is required under Section 312 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA(link is external)). The purpose of this report is to provide State, local officials, and the public with specific information on potential hazards. This includes the locations and amounts of hazardous chemicals present at your facility during the previous calendar year.  Click here for more information about chemical inventory reporting and quantities(link is external).

Virginia follows the federal requirements for EPCRA reporting, and there are no fees associated with filing Tier II reports for Virginia. EPCRA Section 311 requires a facility to submit a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or a list of chemicals for any hazardous chemical stored or used above specific quantities. EPCRA Section 312 requires the facility to further submit a Tier I or Tier II report to the Virginia Emergency Response Council (VERC) and the Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) by March 1st each year for the activities occurring in the preceding year.

The Winchester/Frederick County Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) has three ways to submit Tier II Reports:

• Electronic (preferred): Facilities can submit their Tier II Reports to the LEPC electronically by completing a Tier II Report in the Tier2Submit software. To submit your report by this method, save your Tier II report(s) in the Tier2Submit software as a .t2s file and email it as an attachment to lepc@winchesterva.gov(link sends e-mail), along with a signed copy of your certification letter. The Tier II Submit software can be downloaded for FREE from  the EPA website. (click here(link is external))
• Manual (.pdf): Facilities can also submit a .pdf copy of their Tier II report by sending the .pdf file of their Tier II report, along with a signed certification letter, to  lepc@winchesterva.gov(link sends e-mail).
• Manual (Hard copy): Facilities can also submit their Tier II report by sending a hard copy, along with a signed certification letter, to the address listed below.

Note: Tier II report submission must also be made to the Virginia DEQ(link is external) and the local fire department that would service your facility.  Submission instructions for these entities may vary depending on your site location(s).  Virginia requires NO PAYMENT for Tier II Report submissions.

Winchester-Frederick Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC):
City of Winchester Emergency Management
Attn: Emergency Management Coordinator
301 E. Cork Street
Winchester, VA 22601
Phone: 540-545-4721
Email: lepc@winchesterva.gov

The City of Winchester's Emergency Operations Plan is an all-discipline, all-hazards plan that establishes a single, comprehensive framework for managing incidents in the city. It is compatible with the National Response Framework and provides the structure for coordinating within our local and with the state government in delivery of disaster assistance. The plan improves the City of Winchester’s capability to respond to and recover from threatened or actual natural, technological or man-made disasters.

Emergency Operations Plan(PDF, 10MB)

The Northern Shenandoah Valley Region Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan(link is external) is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters. It is most effective when implemented under a comprehensive, long-term mitigation plan. State, tribal, and local governments engage in hazard mitigation planning to identify risks and vulnerabilities associated with natural disasters, and develop long-term strategies for protecting people and property from future hazard events. Mitigation plans are key to breaking the cycle of disaster damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage.